Radiator construction



April 1931- J. KARMAZIN RADIATOR CONSTRUCTION Filed NOV. 19, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 lNVENTOR LEmllfa/rmazm, BY V I April 7, 1931- J. KARMAZIN RADIATOR CONSTRUCTION 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Nov. 19, 1927 Patented Apra 7, 1931 JOHN KARMAZIN, F DETROIT, MICHIGAN RADIATOR CONSTRUCTION Application filed November 19, 1927. Serial No. 234,333.

This invention relates to heat exchange devices and particularly to that type of heat exchangers for the cooling of a fluid which has become heated by compression or by contact with bodies of higher temperatures such as parts of an internal combustion engine, refrigerating plant or the like or which may be used to reduce the temperature of a surrounding medium by forcing a cooling fluid therethrough, and is an improvement on my copending application Serial N 0. 183,663, filed April 14, 1927.-

The principal object of this invention is to provide a heat exchange unit in which a multiple series of heat exchanging tubes are used and which are placed in a staggered relation with respect to each other for the maximum heat transfer efi'ect.

Another object of the invention is to provide an inlet or outlet bracket to be attached to the respective ends of the heat exchange unit by a suitable means such as rivets to withstand high pressures.

It is a still further object of this invention to provide a fin and tube type element for radiator cores in which the tubular projection is substantially elliptical in cross section-to permit a stream line surface for more complete contact with the external heat exchange medium.

It is a still further object of this invention to provide a fin and tube type element for heat exchange units in which the tubes will be stream line in shape and in which the inlet and outlet connections may be more permanently attached thereto to permit increase of pressure, better efliciency and greater capacity of the-unit.

Further objects and advantages of the invention will appear from the following detailed disclosure thereof together with the attached drawings which illustrate preferred forms of embodiment thereof and, in which,

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a completed core of a heat exchanger adapting the principles of the invention,

Figure 2 is a side elevation of the radiator core shown in Figure 1,

Figure 3 is an enlarged side View of the inlet or outlet attachment to be used on a triple series radiator,

Figure 4 is a partial side View of a modified form of heat exchanger,

Figure 5 is an end elevation of a double series heat exchange unit similar to that shown in Figures 1 and 4,

Figure 6 is a section on the line 66 of Figure 5,

Figure 7 is a' partial plan view of the double series core element showing the shape of the tubular projections,

Figure 8 is a diagrammatic view of the effect of the air on the diflerent shapes of tubes.

Figure 9 is a section on line 9-9 of Figure 4,

Figure 10 is a section on line 10-10 of Figure 7.

A radiator or heat exchange unit 10 as shown in Figure 1 is supported in side channel brackets 11 and 12 and is composed of int'egral fin and tube elements as generally shown-and described in detail in my patent Serial No. 1,591,323, patented July 6, 1926. A plurality of these integral fin and tube type elements are cooperatively telescoped in mutual relation and a radiator core heat exchange unit may be fabricated from a suflicientnumber of these core elements to make 30 the necessary size of unit depending upon specific conditions.

As shown in Fig.2, a multiple row of these tubular passages are provided and each row is provided with U-shaped connections 13 a5 and 14 at the ends so that a continuous closed circuit is formed from the top of the radiator to the lower part thus providing an elongated continuous path for the fluid to be cooled. At the top and bottom of the radiator unit an inlet and outlet flange 15 which is duplicated in all respects is provided with a series of projections 16 of the number sufiicient to correspond with the number of vertical rows of tubular projections in the unit. In other words, as shown in Figure 2, a triple series of tortuous path conduits for the fluid is formed from the triple series of cooperating projections 16 which will be provided with the header 15. At the same time, the three projections 16 will enter into a common channel 15a in the header 15'which in turn will be suitably connected with a pipe thread 17 to the usual connections for the heat exchange unit. For ease in forming, the three projections 16 will be in the same plane and at each end of the radiator the necessary bends in either the outer series of pipes as shown at the top 18, or as in the center channel as in the lower end of the radiator 19 will be made to permit the connection of the header 15 thereto.

The channels 11 and 12 may be provided with a semi-circular opening 20 and are of a generally triangular shape frame to permit the adaptation of this heat exchange to the mechanism for which it is adapted. The main body of the core however is preferably rectangular in shape and only the ends of the frame are triangular and offset at the bottom to more effectively support the unit. It is also obvious that a top U-shaped channel 21 may be provided to further strengthen the v unit and to aid it in support.

The construction of this form of the device will be apparent. The multiplicity of vertical rows of tubular projections are interconnected and although the connections as shown in Figure 2 in which each vertical row comprises a single tortuous path is desirable it is obvious that there are many other arrangements of connections of the individual tubular conduits in order that the introduced fluid may pass a suflicient distance through the projections so that the heat exchange may be most effective. To make the tubular projections in a complete circuit the U-shaped projections or yokes are introduced between the adjacent ends of different tubes.

A slightly modified form of construction is shown in Figures 4 to 6 in'which but a double series of projections is shown. Here again the course of a fluid introduced is in a vertical plane from top to bottom of the radiator and again the projections 25 are staggered from the line of projections 26 in order that the most effective cooling may be brought about. Here again as inthe previous form, U-shaped channel members 27 are used to support the ends of the heat exchange unit and the internal construction of the core is of the fin and integral tube-type as before mentioned. For the purpose of introducing and removing the fluid, inlet and outlet connections are uesd as more particularly shown in Figure 6. In general, they comprise an enlarged member 28 provided with short inner tubes 29 and 30 which may have a flange to securely fit the member 28 and which will project into several of the fin elements to reinforce the connection. A suitable flange 31 permits the use of rivets 32 to attach the inlet or outlet connections to the channel bracket 27 to permit the use of higher pressures. A pipe thread or other suitable connecting means 33 is provided for ple inlet and outlet bracket 28 it is possible to introduce the fluid to be cooled at one end of the radiator and to permit its discharge at the other end thereof. The interior course is divided, part of it being sent through one row of the radiator and the other portion of the fluid being sentthrough the other course. The staggered efl'ect of the tubes permits adequate cooling and thus the capacity of this core unit is substantially greater than that provided by a single unit. It has been found that when but one series of elements was used and there was only one tortuous path, or when the tubular projections were not staggered, a part of the cooling air would pass through the radiator without coming in contact with the heat exchanger. It is practically impossible however in the present form for any cooling medium to pass through without coming in contact with some one of the tubular projections of the integral fins which are necessarily at the same temperature and also effectively aid in the heat transfer.

Figures 9 and 10 illustrate particular features of the telescoping elements 42 which are provided with central reinforcing fins 42a in which central perforations 42?) are made. These central reinforcing members also divide each stream of fluid in the conduits and remove the heat from the central portion thereof. As these members 42a are also integral with the remainder of the strip, it is. also clear that the heat exchange is materially increased by their area. The perforations 426 permit the solder to run through rather than collect and be wasted as heretofore. These perforations 42?) are best shown in the enlarged section in Figure 10 wh h.

also shows the one piece construction of the strip elements which may have either the circular or oval projections stamped thereon.

Another feature of the invention resides in the fact that due to the manner of connecting the tubular or oval conduits, the entrapped fluid whose heat value is to be varied, is forced to flow, not only from end to end of the heat exchanger but also must flow from top to bottom thereby materially increasing the length of its path and its cooling or heating contact area. The slightly increased cost of construction is overcome by the greatly increased efficiency and the coinpact arrangement requires but very. little more space for an element twice the size of the usual construction. It is to be particularly noted that the fin and tube type construction is that particularly described in applicants prior patent heretofore mentioned and that the elements are readily adapted to have a plurality of rows of projections stamped at once thereupon. This construction, however, is the subject matter of a separate application. This construction has been found to be materially cheaper,

.more efficient and generally more desirable than the previously known separate tube and fin type of radiator.

It has also been found that the elliptical construction of the projections or tube, 40, on the element or fin 42, will'permit a much greater cooling rate inasmuch as the cooling 3.11111016 completely contacts with the surface of the tubular projections. As shown in Figure 7 the tubes are substantially egg shaped or elliptical and thus stream line and as noted in Figure 8, the percentage of surface of theprojections which is effected by the cooling air of other cooling medium is much greater with this shape of projection than is possible with the normal circular projection. The increase in capacity due to these oval projections also permits a smaller radiator core for the same capacity and the amount of air or other cooling medium which may be efliciently drawn. through the tubes can be greatly increased because of this increase in heat exchange rate. With such projections it is desirable to reinforce them by the cross members 44 and it is possible to stamp these projections in the same manner and with similar machinery as the normal and heretofore used circular projections. v

It is to be particularly noted that the multiple series radiator particularly uses the egg shaped or elliptical projections or tube inasmuch as the amount of air which can be drawn through the radiator to efliciently exchange the heat which under normal conditions would not be practical with the circular projections or tube, is highly satisfactory, and the amount of cooling can be greatly increased. It will also be noted that in order to permit the use of the elliptical projections near the end of the radiator to permit attachment of either the U-shaped yokes or the connection of the inlet or outlet connections, it will be necessary to remove the central =cross members 44 so that the projections will not be interfered with.

The foregoing constructions represent an improvement in radiator construction and is a considerable improvement in the structures shown in my prior patent and particularly inthe means to increase the efficiency and capacity of the radiator units by means of using a plurality or multiple series of tortuous path circuits for the fluid to be cooled or heated and in which the use of positively attached inlet and outlet brackets such as shown in Figure 3 and shown to embrace rivets as shown in Figure 6 will permit the increase in pressures. The multiple series of vertical rows of elliptical or stream line pro-. jections will also permit a much greater amount of cooling with a smaller expenditure of energy to draw the cooling medium such as air through the radiator.

While I have illustrated several forms of embodiment of the invention, I am aware that many modifications are possible and I therefore desire protection on the invention within the scope and spirit of the disclosure thereof and as more particularly.clai1ned in claims appended hereto.

I claim:

L'In a radiator of the class described, a plurality of sheet metal core elements hayging integral tubular projections oval in cross section extending transversely therefrom, said elements being assembled with the tubular projections of adjacent elements in telescoping relation, and having the maximum cooling surface relative to the surface of the radiator.

2. In a radiator of the class described, a

fin and tube type core element having a plu rality of integralfin and tubular projections thereon in which the tubular projection is of a stream line substantially oval shape in cross section, and having the maximum cooling surface relative to the core surface.

3. A radiator of the class described, a plurality of fin and tube type core' elements having tubular projections assembled in 'cooperating relation and means to connect said tubular projections to provide a multi le series of tortuous paths for the cooling uid flow and means to introduce the coolin fluid into at least two series of tortuous at s.

4. In a heating radiator o the class described, a plurality of tubular, parallel spaced passages in staggered relation said passagesbeing stream line in cross section,

heat radiating fins in contact with walls of said tubular passages and means for connecting said tubular passages to form a plurality of continuous conduits and means to introduce and remove a cooling fluid from at least two of said parallel passages. I

5. A heating unit comprising a plurality of superposed fin and tube type core elements having spaced parallel tubular projections in staggered relation extending transversely from one side thereof, the tubular pro ections of one element being adapted to nest within the tubular projections of the juxtaposed elementto form a.

source to said conduits, said means for attachin the external connections to the core being urther attached to the support to permit the use of high pressure.

7. A heating unit core and support therefor; comprising a plurality of superposed fin elements having integral tubular projections in spaced, staggered relation extending transversely from one end thereof, the tubular projections of one elementbeing adapted to nest within the tubular projections of the juxtaposed elementto form a plurality of continuous conduits, means to externally connect a fluid source to said conduits, said means for attaching the external connections to the core bein .further attached to the support to permit t e use of high pressure, said projections being substantially elliptical in transverse cross section.

8. A heating unit comprising a plurality of superposed fin elements having integral projections thereon, said projections forming closed conduits from end to end of the unit, means to connect said conduits to form at least two separate continuous conduits through the heating unit, the said elements being provided with fins integral with said projections, said projections being staggered in relation one to another in order to permit contact with the greatest amount of cooling air possible.

9. A heating unit comprising a plurality of superposed fin elements, said elements being provided with integral projections and intermediate reinforcing members there across to form closed conduits, a frame for supporting said unit, and outlets attached to said frame ends and telescoping with the tubular projections to permit the use of high pressure.

10. A heating unit of the class described having a supporting frame comprising a plurality of conduits in spaced parallel relation, said conduits being externally connected to provide a plurality of tortuous paths extending from end to end of the radiator and from top to bottom thereof, said conduits being provided with inlet and outlet means secured to said frame to provide at least two sets of tortuous paths, the outlet and inlet means being attached to and telescoped within the conduits to withstand high pressures, and central reinforcing means in said conduits to additionally divide the stream in each conduit to remove the central shape to permit the maximum cooling sur-' face relative to the surface of the heat exchanger, and means to introduce high pres sure fluid into said conduits.

paths extending throughout the radiator, and a means to introduce high pressure fluid into said conduits.

13. In a heat exchanger of the class described comprising a plurality of superposed elements, each element being provided with integral oval projections in staggered relation, the central part of which has a transverse member additionally removing heat from a fluid stream in the center thereof, the superposed elements forming a plurality of spaced staggered conduits, means to support the heat unit including a frame, means to connect the conduits into a plurality of tortuous paths extending throughout the radiator and additional means mounted on the frame to introduce high pressure fluid into said conduits.

14. A heat exchange unit or radiator com; prising a plurality of conduits, said conduits being connected in a multiplicity of separate fluid paths extending from side to side of the radiator and from end to end thereof, the paths being in staggered relation to permit the maximum cooling thereof, a frame to support said conduits, and inlet and outlet connections for the radiator, the connections being riveted to the frame to withstand high pressure.

15. In a heat exchanger of the class described, comprising a plurality of fin and integral tubular projections superposed to form a plurality of closed conduits, means to introduce high pressure fluid into said conduits, said means including an enlarged member adapted to be connected to an external source provided with a plural- 1ty of apertures, and short tubes projecting therefrom telescoping with said conduits to reinforce the connection therewith.

16. In a heat exchanger of the class described, comprising a plurality of fin and integral tubular projections oval in shape superposed to form a plurality of closed conduits, means to introduce high pressure fluid into said conduits, said means including an enlarged member adapted to be connected to an external source provided with a plurality of apertures, and short tubes projecting therefrom telescoping with said conduits to reinforce said connection.

signature to this specification.

JOHN KARMAZIN. 

